Table of Contents
VOLUME 1:
PREFACE … v
GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE … vii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS … viii
A
Acid Rain … 1
Agricultural Ecosystems … 3
Agriculture, History of … 5
Agriculture, Modern … 10
Agriculture, Organic … 12
Agronomist … 16
Alcoholic Beverage Industry … 18
Alcoholic Beverages … 22
Algae … 26
Alkaloids … 32
Allelopathy … 35
Alliaceae … 35
Anatomy of Plants … 36
Angiosperms … 43
Anthocyanins … 48
Aquatic Ecosystems … 49
Aquatic Plants … 52
Arborist … 54
Archaea … 56
Asteraceae … 57
Atmosphere and Plants … 59
B
Bamboo … 62
Bark … 64
Bessey, Charles … 65
Biodiversity … 66
Biogeochemical Cycles … 73
Biogeography … 75
Biomass Fuels … 79
Biome … 80
Bioremediation … 84
Bonsai … 86
Borlaug, Norman E. … 88
Botanical and Scientific Illustrator … 89
Botanical Gardens and Arboreta … 91
Botany … 93
Breeder … 93
Breeding … 95
Breeding Systems … 99
Britton, Nathaniel … 102
Brongniart, Adolphe … 103
Bryophytes … 104
Burbank, Luther … 109
C
Cacao … 111
Cacti … 113
Calvin, Melvin … 116
Candolle, Augustin de … 117
Cannabis … 119
Carbohydrates … 120
Carbon Cycle … 122
Carnivorous Plants … 126
Carotenoids … 129
Carver, George Washington … 131
Cell Cycle … 132
Cells … 135
Cells, Specialized Types … 140
Cellulose … 144
Cell Walls … 145
Chaparral … 147
Chestnut Blight … 151
Chlorophyll … 151
Chloroplasts … 153
Chromosomes … 157
Clements, Frederic … 160
Clines and Ecotypes … 161
VOLUME 2:
Coastal Ecosystems … 1
Coca … 4
Coevolution … 6
Coffee … 10
College Professor … 14
Compost … 15
Coniferous Forests … 17
Conifers … 21
Cordus, Valerius … 24
Cork … 25
Corn … 28
Cotton … 31
Creighton, Harriet … 33
Cultivar … 34
Curator of a Botanical Garden … 35
Curator of an Herbarium … 36
Cyanobacteria … 38
D
Darwin, Charles … 40
Deciduous Forests … 46
Deciduous Plants … 51
Decomposers … 53
Defenses, Chemical … 54
Defenses, Physical … 60
Deforestation … 63
Dendrochronology … 65
de Saussure, Nicolas-Théodore … 68
Desertification … 70
Deserts … 73
Dicots … 78
Differentiation and Development … 80
Dioscorea … 83
Dutch Elm Disease … 83
E
Ecology … 84
Ecology, Energy Flow … 90
Ecology, Fire … 92
Ecology, History of … 96
Economic Importance of Plants … 99
Ecosystems … 102
Embryogenesis … 104
Endangered Species … 106
Endosymbiosis … 111
Epiphytes … 113
Ethnobotany … 115
Eubacteria … 119
Evolution of Plants … 121
Evolution of Plants, History of … 127
F
Fabaceae … 130
Family … 132
Ferns … 133
Fertilizer … 135
Fiber and Fiber Products … 137
Flavonoids … 140
Flavor and Fragrance Chemist … 141
Flora … 142
Flowers … 144
Food Scientist … 149
Forensic Botany … 150
Forester … 152
Forestry … 153
Fruits … 156
Fruits, Seedless … 160
Fungi … 162
G
Gametophyte … 165
Genetic Engineer … 166
Genetic Engineering … 168
Genetic Mechanisms and Development. 173
Germination … 174
Germination and Growth … 176
Ginkgo … 179
Global Warming … 181
Grains … 184
Grasses … 185
Grasslands … 189
Gray, Asa … 194
Green Revolution … 196
Gymnosperms … 197
VOLUME 3:
H
Hales, Stephen … 1
Halophytes … 2
Herbals and Herbalists … 3
Herbaria … 5
Herbicides … 9
Herbs and Spices … 11
Hooker, Joseph Dalton … 12
Hormonal Control and Development … 13
Hormones … 17
Horticulture … 21
Horticulturist … 23
Human Impacts … 25
Humboldt, Alexander von … 30
Hybrids and Hybridization … 32
Hydroponics … 35
I
Identification of Plants … 36
Inflorescence … 37
Ingenhousz, Jan … 39
Interactions, Plant-Fungal … 40
Interactions, Plant-Insect … 41
Interactions, Plant-Plant … 43
Interactions, Plant-Vertebrate … 45
Invasive Species … 47
L
Landscape Architect … 52
Leaves … 53
Lichens … 58
Linnaeus, Carolus … 61
Lipids … 65
M
McClintock, Barbara … 66
Medicinal Plants … 69
Mendel, Gregor … 73
Meristems … 76
Molecular Plant Genetics … 80
Monocots … 86
Mycorrhizae … 88
N
Native Food Crops … 91
Nitrogen Fixation … 91
Nutrients … 95
O
Odum, Eugene … 99
Oils, Plant-Derived … 100
Opium Poppy … 102
Orchidaceae … 103
Ornamental Plants … 105
P
Palms … 106
Palynology … 107
Paper … 109
Parasitic Plants … 110
Pathogens … 113
Pathologist … 120
Peat Bogs … 121
Pharmaceutical Scientist … 123
Photoperiodism … 125
Photosynthesis, Carbon Fixation and … 128
Photosynthesis, Light Reactions and … 133
Phyllotaxis … 140
Phylogeny … 143
Physiologist … 146
Physiology … 148
Physiology, History of … 153
Phytochrome … 155
Pigments … 156
Plant Community Processes … 157
Plant Prospecting … 164
Plants … 165
Plastids … 166
Poison Ivy … 169
Poisonous Plants … 170
Pollination Biology … 175
Polyploidy … 180
Potato … 184
Potato Blight … 185
Propagation … 186
Psychoactive Plants … 192
Q
Quantitative Trait Loci … 195
VOLUME 4:
R
Rain Forest Canopy … 1
Rain Forests … 4
Record-Holding Plants … 13
Reproduction, Alternation of Generations and … 16
Reproduction, Asexual … 18
Reproduction, Fertilization and … 20
Reproduction, Sexual … 21
Rhythms in Plant Life … 24
Rice … 26
Roots … 29
Rosaceae … 35
S
Sachs, Julius von … 36
Savanna … 38
Seed Dispersal … 41
Seedless Vascular Plants … 45
Seed Preservation … 48
Seeds … 50
Senescence … 56
Sequoia … 57
Shape and Form of Plants … 58
Soil, Chemistry of … 62
Soil, Physical Characteristics of … 65
Solanaceae … 68
Soybean … 69
Speciation … 71
Species … 75
Sporophyte … 76
Stems … 78
Succulents … 80
Sugar … 81
Symbiosis … 84
Systematics, Molecular … 87
Systematics, Plant … 90
T
Taxonomic Keys … 96
Taxonomist … 96
Taxonomy … 98
Taxonomy, History of … 103
Tea … 105
Terpenes … 108
Tissue Culture … 109
Tissues … 110
Tobacco … 115
Torrey, John … 116
Transgenic Plants … 117
Translocation … 118
Tree Architecture … 123
Trees … 126
Trichomes … 129
Tropisms and Nastic Movements … 130
Tundra … 138
Turf Management … 140
V
Vacuoles … 142
van Helmont, Jan … 143
van Niel, C. B. … 145
Variety … 146
Vascular Tissues … 146
Vavilov, N. I. … 152
Vegetables … 155
W
Warming, Johannes … 156
Water Movement … 158
Weeds … 165
Wetlands … 166
Wheat … 169
Wood Anatomy … 171
Wood Products … 174
PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS … 203
GLOSSARY … 205
TOPIC OUTLINE … 221
INDEX … 231
