Contributors to the first edition
The following individuals contributed chapters to the original edition of Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, which was edited by Dr. Bernhard Grzimek, Professor, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany; Director, Frankfurt Zoological Garden, Germany; and Trustee, Tanzanian National Parks, Tanzania.
Dr. Michael Abs
Curator, Ruhr University
Bochum, Germany
Dr. Salim Ali
Bombay Natural History Society
Bombay, India
Dr. Rudolph Altevogt
Professor, Zoological Institute, University of Münster
Münster, Germany
Dr. Renate Angermann
Curator, Institute of Zoology, Humboldt University
Berlin, Germany
Edward A. Armstrong
Cambridge University
Cambridge, England
Dr. Peter Ax
Professor, Second Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Göttingen
Göttingen, Germany
Dr. Franz Bachmaier
Zoological Collection of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
Dr. Pedru Banarescu
Academy of the Roumanian Socialist Republic, Trajan Savulescu Institute of Biology
Bucharest, Romania
Dr. A. G. Bannikow
Professor, Institute of Veterinary Medicine
Moscow, Russia
Dr. Hilde Baumgärtner
Zoological Collection of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
C. W. Benson
Department of Zoology, Cambridge University
Cambridge, England
Dr. Andrew Berger
Chairman, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii Honolulu,
Hawaii, U.S.A.
Dr. J. Berlioz
National Museum of Natural History
Paris, France
Dr. Rudolf Berndt
Director, Institute for Population Ecology, Hiligoland Ornithological Station
Braunschweig, Germany
Dieter Blume
Instructor of Biology, Freiherr-vom-Stein School
Gladenbach, Germany
Dr. Maximilian Boecker
Zoological Research Institute and A. Koenig Museum
Bonn, Germany
Dr. Carl-Heinz Brandes
Curator and Director, The Aquarium, Overseas Museum
Bremen, Germany
Dr. Donald G. Broadley
Curator, Umtali Museum
Mutare, Zimbabwe
Dr. Heinz Brüll
Director; Game, Forest, and Fields Research Station
Hartenholm, Germany
Dr. Herbert Bruns
Director, Institute of Zoology and the Protection of Life
Schlangenbad, Germany
Hans Bub
Heligoland Ornithological Station
Wilhelmshaven, Germany
A. H. Chrisholm
Sydney, Australia
Herbert Thomas Condon
Curator of Birds, South Australian Museum
Adelaide, Australia
Dr. Eberhard Curio
Director, Laboratory of Ethology, Ruhr University
Bochum, Germany
Dr. Serge Daan
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Dr. Heinrich Dathe
Professor and Director, Animal Park and Zoological Research Station, German Academy of Sciences
Berlin, Germany
Dr. Wolfgang Dierl
Zoological Collection of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
Dr. Fritz Dieterlen
Zoological Research Institute, A. Koenig Museum
Bonn, Germany
Dr. Rolf Dircksen
Professor, Pedagogical Institute
Bielefeld, Germany
Josef Donner
Instructor of Biology
Katzelsdorf, Austria
Dr. Jean Dorst
Professor, National Museum of Natural History
Paris, France
Dr. Gerti DÜcker
Professor and Chief Curator, Zoological Institute, University of Münster
Münster, Germany
Dr. Michael Dzwillo
Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Hamburg
Hamburg, Germany
Dr. Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
Professor and Director, Institute of Human Ethology, Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology
Percha/Starnberg, Germany
Dr. Martin Eisentraut
Professor and Director, Zoological Research Institute and A. Koenig Museum
Bonn, Germany
Dr. Eberhard Ernst
Swiss Tropical Institute
Basel, Switzerland
R. D. Etchecopar
Director, National Museum of Natural History
Paris, France
Dr. R. A. Falla
Director, Dominion Museum
Wellington, New Zealand
Dr. Hubert Fechter
Curator, Lower Animals, Zoological Collection of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
Dr. Walter Fiedler
Docent, University of Vienna, and Director, Schönbrunn Zoo
Vienna, Austria
Wolfgang Fischer
Inspector of Animals, Animal Park
Berlin, Germany
Dr. C. A. Fleming
Geological Survey Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Dr. Hans Frädrich
Zoological Garden
Berlin, Germany
Dr. Hans-Albrecht Freye
Professor and Director, Biological Institute of the Medical School
Halle a.d.S., Germany
Günther E. Freytag
Former Director, Reptile and Amphibian Collection, Museum of Cultural History in Magdeburg
Berlin, Germany
Dr. Herbert Friedmann
Director, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Dr. H. Friedrich
Professor, Overseas Museum
Bremen, Germany
Dr. Jan Frijlink
Zoological Laboratory, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Dr. Dr. H.C. Karl Von Frisch
Professor Emeritus and former Director, Zoological Institute, University of Munich
Munich, Germany
Dr. H. J. Frith
C.S.I.R.O. Research Institute
Canberra, Australia
Dr. Ion E. Fuhn
Academy of the Roumanian Socialist Republic, Trajan Savulescu Institute of Biology
Bucharest, Romania
Dr. Carl Gans
Professor, Department of Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York, U.S.A.
Dr. Rudolf Geigy
Professor and Director, Swiss Tropical
Institute
Basel, Switzerland
Dr. Jacques Gery
St. Genies, France
Dr. Wolfgang Gewalt
Director, Animal Park
Duisburg, Germany
Dr. Dr. H.C. Dr. H.C. Viktor Goerttler
Professor Emeritus, University of Jena
Jena, Germany
Dr. Friedrich Goethe
Director, Institute of Ornithology, Heligoland Ornithological Station
Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Dr. Ulrich F. Gruber
Herpetological Section, Zoological Research Institute and A. Koenig Museum
Bonn, Germany
Dr. H. R. Haefelfinger
Museum of Natural History
Basel, Switzerland
Dr. Theodor Haltenorth
Director, Mammalology, Zoological Collection of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
Barbara Harrisson
Sarawak Museum, Kuching, Borneo
Ithaca, New York, U.S.A.
Dr. Francois Haverschmidt
President, High Court (retired)
Paramaribo, Suriname
Dr. Heinz Heck
Director, Catskill Game Farm Catskill, New York, U.S.A.
Dr. Lutz Heck Professor (retired), and Director, Zoological Garden, Berlin
Wiesbaden, Germany
Dr. Dr. H.C. Heini Hediger
Director, Zoological Garder
Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. Dietrich Heinemann
Director, Zoological Garden, Münster
Dörnigheim, Germany
Dr. Helmut Hemmer
Institute for Physiological Zoology, University of Mainz
Mainz, Germany
Dr. W. G. Heptner
Professor, Zoological Museum, University of Moscow
Moscow, Russia
Dr. Konrad Herter
Professor Emeritus and Director (retired), Zoological Institute, Free University of Berlin
Berlin, Germany
Dr. Hans Rudolf Heusser
Zoological Museum, University of Zurich
Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. Emil Otto Höhn
Associate Professor of Physiology, University of Alberta
Edmonton, Canada
Dr. W. Hohorst
Professor and Director, Parasitological Institute, Farbwerke Hoechst A.G.
Frankfurt-Höchst, Germany
Dr. Folkhart Hückinghaus
Director, Senckenbergische Anatomy, University of Frankfurt a.M.
Frankfurt a.M., Germany
Francois Hüe
National Museum of Natural History
Paris, France
Dr. K. Immelmann
Professor, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig
Braunschweig, Germany
Dr. Junichiro Itani
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan
Dr. Richard F. Johnston
Professor of Zoology, University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.
Otto Jost
Oberstudienrat, Freiherr-vom-Stein Gymnasium
Fulda, Germany
Dr. Paul Kähsbauer
Curator, Fishes, Museum of Natural History
Vienna, Austria
Dr. Ludwig Karbe
Zoological State Institute and Museum
Hamburg, Germany
Dr. N. N. Kartaschew
Docent, Department of Biology, Lomonossow State University
Moscow, Russia
Dr. Werner Kästle
Oberstudienrat, Gisela Gymnasium
Munich, Germany
Dr. Reinhard Kaufmann
Field Station of the Tropical Institute, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
Santa Marta, Colombia
Dr. Masao Kawai
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan
Dr. Ernst F. Kilian
Professor, Giessen University and Catedratico Universidad Austral, Valdivia-Chile
Giessen, Germany
Dr. Ragnar Kinzelbach
Institute for General Zoology, University of Mainz
Mainz, Germany
Dr. Heinrich Kirchner
Landwirtschaftsrat (retired)
Bad Oldesloe, Germany
Dr. Rosl Kirchshofer
Zoological Garden, University of Frankfort a.M.
Frankfurt a.M., Germany
Dr. Wolfgang Klausewitz
Curator, Senckenberg Nature Museum and Research Institute
Frankfurt a.M., Germany
Dr. Konrad Klemmer
Curator, Senckenberg Nature Museum and Research Institute
Frankfurt a.M., Germany
Dr. Erich Klinghammer
Laboratory of Ethology, Purdue University
Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.
Dr. Heinz-Georg Klös
Professor and Director, Zoological Garden
Berlin, Germany
Ursula Klös
Zoological Garden
Berlin, Germany
Dr. Otto Koehler
Professor Emeritus, Zoological Institute, University of Freiburg
Freiburg i. BR., Germany
Dr. Kurt Kolar
Institute of Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences
Vienna, Austria
Dr. Claus König
State Ornithological Station of Baden-Württemberg
Ludwigsburg, Germany
Dr. Adriaan Kortlandt
Zoological Laboratory, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Dr. Helmut Kraft
Professor and Scientific Councillor, Medical Animal Clinic, University of Munich
Munich, Germany
Dr. Helmut Kramer
Zoological Research Institute and A.
Koenig MuseumBonn, Germany
Dr. Franz Krapp
Zoological Institute, University of Freiburg
Freiburg, Switzerland
Dr. Otto Kraus
Professor, University of Hamburg, and Director, Zoological Institute and Museum
Hamburg, Germany
Dr. Dr. Hans Krieg
Professor and First Director (retired), Scientific Collections of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
Dr. Heinrich Kühl
Federal Research Institute for Fisheries, Cuxhaven Laboratory
Cuxhaven, Germany
Dr. Oskar Kuhn
Professor, formerly University Halle/Saale
Munich, Germany
Dr. Hans Kumerloeve
First Director (retired), State Scientific Museum, Vienna
Munich, Germany
Dr. Nagamichi Kuroda
Yamashina Ornithological Institute, Shibuya-Ku
Tokyo, Japan
Dr. Fred Kurt
Zoological Museum of Zurich University, Smithsonian Elephant Survey
Colombo, Ceylon
Dr. Werner Ladiges
Professor and Chief Curator, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Hamburg
Hamburg, Germany
Leslie Laidlaw
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University
Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.
Dr. Ernst M. Lang
Director, Zoological Garden
Basel, Switzerland
Dr. Alfredo Langguth
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, University of the Republic
Montevideo, Uruguay
Leo Lehtonen
Science Writer
Helsinki, Finland
Bernd Leisler
Second Zoological Institute, University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria
Dr. Kurt Lillelund
Professor and Director, Institute for Hydrobiology and Fishery Sciences, University of Hamburg
Hamburg, Germany
R. Liversidge
Alexander MacGregor Memorial Museum
Kimberley, South Africa
Dr. Dr. Konrad Lorenz
Professor and Director, Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology
Seewiesen/Obb., Germany
Dr. Dr. Martin Lühmann
Federal Research Institute for the Breeding of Small Animals
Celle, Germany
Dr. Johannes Lüttschwager
Oberstudienrat (retired)
Heidelberg, Germany
Dr. Wolfgang Makatsch
Bautzen, Germany
Dr. Hubert Markl
Professor and Director, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Darmstadt
Darmstadt, Germany
Basil J. Marlow, B.SC. (Hons)
Curator, Australian Museum
Sydney, Australia
Dr. Theodor Mebs
Instructor of Biology
Weissenhaus/Ostsee, Germany
Dr. Gerlof Fokko Mees
Curator of Birds, Rijks Museum of Natural History
Leiden, The Netherlands
Hermann Meinken
Director, Fish Identification Institute, V.D.A.
Bremen, Germany
Dr. Wilhelm Meise
Chief Curator, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Hamburg
Hamburg, Germany
Dr. Joachim Messtorff
Field Station of the Federal Fisheries Research Institute
Bremerhaven, Germany
Dr. Marian Mlynarski
Professor, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute for Systematic and Experimental Zoology
Cracow, Poland
Dr. Walburga Moeller
Nature Museum
Hamburg, Germany
Dr. H.C. Erna Mohr
Curator (retired), Zoological State Institute and Museum
Hamburg, Germany
Dr. Karl-Heinz Moll
Waren/Müritz, Germany
Dr. Detlev Müller-Using
Professor, Institute for Game Management, University of Göttingen
Hannoversch-Münden, Germany
Werner Münster
Instructor of Biology
Ebersbach, Germany
Dr. Joachim Münzing
Altona Museum
Hamburg, Germany
Dr. Wilbert Neugebauer
Wilhelma Zoo
Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, Germany
Dr. Ian Newton
Senior Scientific Officer, The Nature Conservancy
Edinburgh, Scotland
Dr. Jürgen Nicolai
Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology
Seewiesen/Obb., Germany
Dr. Günther Niethammer
Professor, Zoological Research Institute and A. Koenig Museum
Bonn, Germany
Dr. Bernhard Nievergelt
Zoological Museum, University of Zurich
Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. C. C. Olrog
Institut Miguel Lillo San Miguel de Tucuman
Tucuman, Argentina
Alwin Pedersen
Mammal Research and aRctic Explorer
Holte, Denmark
Dr. Dieter Stefan Peters
Nature Museum and Senckenberg Research Institute
Frankfurt a.M., Germany
Dr. Nicolaus Peters
Scientific Councillor and Docent, Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries, University of Hamburg
Hamburg, Germany
Dr. Hans-Günter Petzold
Assistant Director, Zoological Garden
Berlin, Germany
Dr. Rudolf Piechocki
Docent, Zoological Institute, University of Halle
Halle a.d.S., Germany
Dr. Ivo Poglayen-Neuwall
Director, Zoological Garden
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Dr. Egon Popp
Zoological Collection of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
Dr. Dr. H.C. Adolf Portmann
Professor Emeritus, Zoological Institute, University of Basel
Basel, Switzerland
Hans Psenner
Professor and Director, Alpine Zoo
Innsbruck, Austria
Dr. Heinz-Siburd Raethel
Oberveterinärrat
Berlin, Germany
Dr. Urs H. Rahm
Professor, Museum of Natural History
Basel, Switzerland
Dr. Werner Rathmayer
Biology Institute, University of Konstanz
Konstanz, Germany
Walter Reinhard
Biologist
Baden-Baden, Germany
Dr. H. H. Reinsch
Federal Fisheries Research Institute
Bremerhaven, Germany
Dr. Bernhard Rensch
Professor Emeritus, Zoological Institute, University of Münster
Münster, Germany
Dr. Vernon Reynolds
Docent, Department of Sociology, University of Bristol
Bristol, England
Dr. Rupert Riedl
Professor, Department of Zoology, University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Dr. Peter Rietschel
Professor (retired), Zoological Institute, University of Frankfurt a.M.
Frankfurt a.M., Germany
Dr. Siegfried Rietschel
Docent, University of Frankfurt; Curator, Nature Museum and Research Institute Senckenberg
Frankfurt a.M., Germany
Herbert Ringleben
Institute of Ornithology, Heligoland Ornithological Station
Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Dr. K. Rohde
Institute for General Zoology, Ruhr University
Bochum, Germany
Dr. Peter Röben
Academic Councillor, Zoological Institute, Heidelberg University
Heidelberg, Germany
Dr. Anton E. M. De Roo
Royal Museum of Central Africa
Tervuren, South Africa
Dr. Hubert Saint Girons
Research Director, Center for National Scientific Research
Brunoy (Essonne), France
Dr. Luitfried Von Salvini-Plawen
First Zoological Institute, University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria
Dr. Kurt Sanft
Oberstudienrat, Diesterweg-Gymnasium
Berlin, Germany
Dr. E. G. Franz Sauer
Professor, Zoological Research Institute and A. Koenig Museum, University of Bonn
Bonn, Germany
Dr. Eleonore M. Sauer
Zoological Research Institute and A. Koenig Museum, University of Bonn
Bonn, Germany
Dr. Ernst Schäfer
Curator, State Museum of Lower Saxony
Hannover, Germany
Dr. Friedrich Schaller
Professor and Chairman, First Zoological Institute, University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria
Dr. George B. Schaller
Serengeti Research Institute, Michael Grzimek Laboratory
Seronera, Tanzania
Dr. Georg Scheer
Chief Curator and Director, Zoological Institute, State Museum of Hesse
Darmstadt, Germany
Dr. Christoph Scherpner
Zoological Garden
Frankfurt a.M., Germany
Dr. Herbert Schifter
Bird Collection, Museum of Natural
History
Vienna, Austria
Dr. Marco Schnitter
Zoological Museum, Zurich University
Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. Kurt Schubert
Federal Fisheries Research Institute
Hamburg, Germany
Eugen Schuhmacher
Director, Animals Films, I.U.C.N.
Munich, Germany
Dr. Thomas Schultze-Westrum
Zoological Institute, University of Munich
Munich, Germany
Dr. Ernst Schüt
Professor and Director (retired), State Museum of Natural History
Stuttgart, Germany
Dr. Lester L. Short, Jr.
Associate Curator, American Museum of Natural History
New York, New York, U.S.A.
Dr. Helmut Sick
National Museum
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Dr. Alexander F. Skutch
Professor of Ornithology, University of Costa Rica
San Isidro del General, Costa Rica
Dr. Everhard J. Slijper
Professor, Zoological Laboratory, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
Bertram E. Smythies
Curator (retired), Division of Forestry Management, Sarawak-Malaysia
Estepona, Spain
Dr. Kenneth E. Stager
Chief Curator, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Dr. H.C. Georg H.W. Stein
Professor, Curator of Mammals, Institute of Zoology and Zoological Museum, Humboldt University
Berlin, Germany
Dr. Joachim Steinbacher
Curator, Nature Museum and Senckenberg Research Institute
Frankfurt a.M., Germany
Dr. Bernard Stonehouse
Canterbury University
Christchurch, New Zealand
Dr. Richard Zur Strassen
Curator, Nature Museum and Senckenberg Research Institute
Frandfurt a.M., Germany
Dr. Adelheid Studer-Thiersch
Zoological Garden Basel,
Switzerland
Dr. Ernst Sutter
Museum of Natural History
Basel, Switzerland
Dr. Fritz Terofal
Director, Fish Collection, Zoological Collection of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
Dr. G. F. Van Tets
Wildlife Research
Canberra, Australia
Ellen Thaler-Kottek
Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck
Innsbruck, Austria
Dr. Erich Thenius
Professor and Director, Institute of Paleontolgy, University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria
Dr. Niko Tinbergen
Professor of Animal Behavior, Department of Zoology, Oxford University
Oxford, England
Alexander Tsurikov
Lecturer, University of Munich
Munich, Germany
Dr. Wolfgang Villwock
Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Hamburg
Hamburg, Germany
Zdenek Vogel
Director, Suchdol Herpetological Station
Prague, Czechoslovakia
Dieter Vogt
Schorndorf, Germany
Dr. Jiri Volf
Zoological Garden
Prague, Czechoslovakia
Otto Wadewitz
Leipzig, Germany
Dr. Helmut O. Wagner
Director (retired), Overseas Museum, Bremen
Mexico City, Mexico
Dr. Fritz Walther
Professor, Texas A & M University
College Station, Texas, U.S.A.
John Warham
Zoology Department, Canterbury University
Christchurch, New Zealand
Dr. Sherwood L. Washburn
University of California at Berkeley
Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
Eberhard Wawra
First Zoological Institute, University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria
Dr. Ingrid Weigel
Zoological Collection of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
Dr. B. Weischer
Institute of Nematode Research, Federal Biological Institute
Münster/Westfalen, Germany
Herbert Wendt
Author, Natural History
Baden-Baden, Germany
Dr. Heinz Wermuth
Chief Curator, State Nature Museum, Stuttgart
Ludwigsburg, Germany
Dr. Wolfgang Von Westernhagen
Preetz/Holstein, Germany
Dr. Alexander Wetmore
United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Dr. Dietrich E. Wilcke
Röttgen, Germany
Dr. Helmut Wilkens
Professor and Director, Institute of Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine
Hannover, Germany
Dr. Michael L. Wolfe
Utah, U.S.A.
Hans Edmund Wolters
Zoological Research Institute and A. Koenig Museum
Bonn, Germany
Dr. Arnfrid Wünschmann
Research Associate, Zoological Garden
Berlin, Germany
Dr. Walter Wüst
Instructor, Wilhelms Gymnasium
Munich, Germany
Dr. Heinz Wundt
Zoological Collection of the State of Bavaria
Munich, Germany
Dr. Claus-Dieter Zander
Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Hamburg
Hamburg, Germany
Dr. Dr. Fritz Zumpt
Director, Entomology and Parasitology, South African Institute for Medical Research
Johannesburg, South Africa
Dr. Richard L. Zusi
Curator of Birds, United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
